studying and assessing the iraqi chemical war in operation karbala-5

the developments of the iran-iraq war scene following the iranian victory in faw which changed the balance of power in favor of iran caused the iraq not only to intensify her attacks against the residential areas and industrial circles, but also increases the using of chemical weapons during her attacks in ground battles as a deterrent factor. in other words, the iraqi decision-makers when understood the iranian intent to progress in the east of basra and destroy the enemy forces decided to recourse an all-out encounter and using extensive chemi cal weapons in operation karbala-5 in particular to force the military planners and the political authorities of the islamic republic of iran to abandon the progress towards eastern basra area. in this study, the process of iraqi using the chemical weapons in operation karbala-5, the iranian political efforts and actions, as well as the international reactions have been described and analyzed through description of the battlefield events.